History and Pyschology Courses Available Spring 2012

WWII

I.                   Context

a.       Versailles

b.      League of Nations

c.       Empire

                                                              i.      Britain

                                                            ii.      U.S.

                                                          iii.      Japan

II.                Japanese expansion in the Pacific

a.       Manchuria

                                                              i.      Mukden incident

III.             Fascism

a.       Mussolini, 1921

                                                              i.      Nationalism and socialism

                                                            ii.      militarism and masculinity

                                                          iii.      suppression of dissent

b.      Adolf Hitler

                                                              i.      WWI and Versailles

                                                            ii.      Depression

                                                          iii.      Weimar

                                                          iv.      National Socialism

1.      glorification of the state

2.      parliamentary coalitions

a.       National Socialists

b.      Christian center-right

3.      Chancellor, 1933

4.      Reichsfurer, 1934

a.       Nuremburg Laws, 1935

b.      Kristellnacht, 1938

                                                            v.      Nazi aggression

1.      1936: Remilitarization of the Rhineland,

2.      1938:

a.       Austria

b.      Czechoslovakia (Sudentenland)

c.       Munich conference

3.      1939:

a.       Czechoslovakia (rump state)

b.      Non-aggression pact with Russia

c.       Poland

                                                                                                                                      i.      Danzig

c.       Franco

                                                              i.      Spain, 1936

IV.             Phony war, October 1939-winter 1940

V.                U.S. Neutrality Acts

a.       1935

b.      1936

c.       1937

d.      1939

VI.             Blitzkrieg, Spring 1940

a.       Mobilized infantry

b.      Luftwaffe

                                                              i.      Denmark

                                                            ii.      Belgium and the Netherlands

                                                          iii.      France

1.      Maginot Line

VII.          American Response

a.       Draft

b.      Destroyers

c.       Defense budget

                                                              i.      Lend-lease

1.      1941, undeclared naval warfare

2.      popular opposition to war

VIII.       Invasion of Russia, 1941

a.       Leningrad

b.      Moscow

c.       Sevastapol

d.      Retreat

IX.             Atlantic Charter, 1941

a.       Freedom of the seas

b.      Self-determination

                                                              i.      Roosevelt

                                                            ii.      Churchill

X.                The Pacific

a.       Tripartite Pact

b.      Indochina

c.       Oil

d.      Philippines

e.       East Indies

f.       Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941

                                                              i.      American Pacific fleet crippled

                                                            ii.      2,400 U.S. sailors killed

                                                          iii.      U.S. declares war on Japan

                                                          iv.      Germany and Italy declare war on U.S.

WWII (CONTINUED)

I.                   Early losses in the Pacific, December 1941

a.       Guam Wake Island

b.      Gilbert Islands

c.       Hong Kong

d.      Burma Road (Rangoon)

e.       Philippines

II.                The turning point in the Pacific

a.       Coral Sea, May 1942

b.      Midway, June 1942

III.             The Home Front

a.       Manufacturing

                                                              i.      Conversion of manufacturing sector to war economy

                                                            ii.      Rationing

1.      gasoline

2.      tires

                                                          iii.      Office of Price Administration (OPA), 1942

                                                          iv.      Stabilization Act, 1942

b.      Conservative resurgence

c.       Women at work

d.      “Double V”

                                                              i.      Fair Employment Practices Commission

e.       Braceros

f.       Nisei

IV.             North Africa Campaign, 1942-1943

a.       India

b.      Irwin Rommel, “Desert Fox”

c.       Montgomery

d.      Patton

V.                Italian Campaign

a.       250,000 Allied troops

VI.             D-Day, June 6, 1944

a.       Normandy and Calais

b.      Atlantic wall

VII.          Island hopping

a.       Iwo Jima

b.      Guadalcanal

VIII.       Atomic warfare
     Early losses in the Pacific, December 1941

a.       Guam Wake Island

b.      Gilbert Islands

c.       Hong Kong

d.      Burma Road (Rangoon)

e.       Philippines

II.                The turning point in the Pacific

a.       Coral Sea, May 1942

b.      Midway, June 1942

III.             The Home Front

a.       Manufacturing

                                                              i.      Conversion of manufacturing sector to war economy

                                                            ii.      Rationing

1.      gasoline

2.      tires

                                                          iii.      Office of Price Administration (OPA), 1942

                                                          iv.      Stabilization Act, 1942

b.      Conservative resurgence

c.       Women at work

d.      “Double V”

                                                              i.      Fair Employment Practices Commission

e.       Braceros

f.       Nisei

IV.             North Africa Campaign, 1942-1943

a.       India

b.      Irwin Rommel, “Desert Fox”

c.       Montgomery

d.      Patton

V.                Italian Campaign

a.       250,000 Allied troops

VI.             D-Day, June 6, 1944

a.       Normandy and Calais

b.      Atlantic wall

VII.          Island hopping

a.       Iwo Jima

b.      Guadalcanal

VIII.       Atomic warfare

Civil Rights Movement

CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT

Context: just as the Jim Crow South was an American aspect of global economic and racial imperialism, the U.S. civil rights movement was part of a global struggle for the liberation of colonized, marginalized and segregated peoples. As W. E. B. DuBois said in 1901, “The color line belts the word.”

I. Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896: the legal foundation for American apartheid.

II. Smith v. Albright

III. Harry Truman

IV. Gunnar Myrdal, An American Dilemma.

V. 1950, Swett v. Painter

VI. 1954, Brown v. Topeka Board of Education

VII. Eisenhower

VIII. 1955, Emmett Till

IX., 1955 Montgomery bus boycott

            A. Rosa Parks

            B. Martin Luther King

                        1. Dexter Avenue Baptist Church

                        2.. Southern Christian Leadership Conference

            C. 1956, SCOTUS rules segregated buses unconstitutional

X. Little Rock High School

            A. Orville Faubus

            B. Jim Johnson

            C. Melba Patillo

            D. Eisenhower and 101^st Airborn

XI. Peripheral South (Atlanta, Tampa, Charlotte, Houston)

XII. 1960, Sit-ins

            A. Greensboro, N.C. Woolworth’s

XIII. Freedom riders

            A. 1946 court ruling on interstate travel

            B. May 1961, riders board buses in Washington, D.C.

                        1. Anniston, Alabama

                        2. Birmingham

XIV. Birmingham campaign

            A. MLK

            B. BullConnor

            C. George Wallace

            D. John F. Kennedy

XV. Summer 1963, “I have a dream . . . “

XVI. September 1963, 16^th St. Baptist Church

XVII. November 1963, JFK assassinated

            A. Lyndon Baines Johnson

            B. Selma march

                        1. “Judgment at Nuremburg”

            C. 1964, Civil Rights Act

            D. 1965, Voting Rights Act

XVIII. Losing the South

            George Wallace, 1972

                       

           

           

           

 

The Cold War

            COLD WAR

Yalta, February 4-11, 1945

•       Big three

•       Agree to a United Nations

•       Soviets make clear that they will not leave Eastern Europe

•       Germany divided into zones of occupation.

•       Russia agrees to attack Japan.

•       Establishes initial lines of cold war.

Germany surrenders, 1945

•       Soviets take Berlin May 2

•       Germany surrenders unconditionally May 7

•       Roosevelt died April 12

A post-colonial moment

•       British, French, German, Japanese and Italian empires are destroyed or weakened.

•       U.S. and Soviet Union spheres of influence

National Security Act, 1947

•       National Military Establishment

–      Secretary of Defense

•       Army

•       Navy

•       Air force

–      Joint chiefs of staff made permanent

–      CIA

Containment

•       Long telegram, George Kennan, 1947

–      Soviet Unions seeks to expand communism wherever it can

–      U.S. must oppose communism wherever it can.

Marshall Plan, 1948-1951

•       George C. Marshall, Secretary of State

–      $13 billion in European reconstruction

Berlin airlift

•       1948, Allied zones of occupation unified and become functional government

•       Soviet union, in response to Marshall Plan and unification of Allied zones, blockaded West Berlin.

•       U.S. responds with massive airlift.

•       Soviet lift blockade after 10 months.

•       1955, West Germany gained full sovereignty.

Communism in South Asia

•       Chinese civil war won by communists in 1949.

•       Communist principle of economic self-sufficiency

–      Opposition to capitalist imperialism.

•       1950, U.S. recognize French-supported emperor Bao Dai of Vietnam.

–      Seeking friendly regime in Southeast Asia

Korea

•       1945, Japanese withdraw from Korea

•       1945, Soviet Union occupied North Korea (to 38th parallel)

•       Americans occupy South Korea up to 38th parallel

•       June 25, 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea

•       Truman responds with force under the auspices of the UN rather than asking for a declaration of war

Korean conflict

•       Un forces pushed to Puson

•       MacArthur effects landing at Inchon while UN forces break out of Puson.

•       Truman agrees with MacArthur to unify Korea, and UN troops push as far as the Yalu River

•       Chinese “human wave” assault (260,000 soldiers) push UN forces below 38th parallel

•       1953 truce divided Korea at the 38th parallel

Consequences of Korea

•       Precedent of large-scale military conflict without congressional declaration of war.

•       Truman, believing the Korean conflict was part of a global communist offensive, increased assistance to the French in Vietnam (Military Assistance Advisory Group).

Nationalism in Indochina       

•       British Indochina independent

–      India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malaysia

•       French retain Indochina (as do Dutch)

–      Attempt to retake area abandoned by Japanese and held by local nationalists

–      1945, Ho Chi Minh proclaims Democratic Republic of Vietnam with capital in Hanoi (North Vietnam).

•       Received aid from U.S. against Japanese

First Indochina War

•       1946, French recognize DRV as “free state” within French empire

•       1949, French reverse themselves and reinstate emperor Bao Dai

•       1949, communist china recognizes DRV

•       1949, U.S. recognizes Bao Dai government

Dien Bien Phu

•       DRV has support from China and Soviet Union

•       Bao Dai from France and U.S.

•       French are defeated at Dien Bien Phu

Geneva Accords

•       Laos and Cambodia neutral

•       Vietnam divided at 17th parallel.

•       Elections in 1956

National Liberation Front

•       premier Ngo Dinh Diem at U.S. request

–      Supposed to institute Democratic reforms but doesn’t.

•       Gets CIA and military aid

•       Diem ousts Bao Dai and refuses to hold elections in 1956

•       South Vietnamese guerillas (viet cong) begin resistance to Diem government.

Kennedy years

•       U.S. military advisors increased from 2,000 to 16,000

•       Oppressive Diem government creates more opposition in South Vietnam

•       North Vietnam sends supplies to Viet Cong through Ho Chi Minh trail

•       1963, Diem killed in coup led by generals.

Tonkin Gulf

•       Lyndon Johnson did not believe Vietnam was worth fighting for or winnable, but he believed that perceived weakness in Vietnam would open his administration to criticism from hawks.

•       Two American destroyers observing U.S. sponsored attack in North Vietnam.

–      Johnson claimed that the destroyers were attacked.

–      Later admitted the claim was probably bogus.

–      Johnson interpreted the Tonkin Gulf Resolution as authorization to use unlimited military force in Vietnam.

U.S. combat forces arrive

•       Johnson orders “Rolling Thunder” bombing of North Korea

•       Airbase has to be protected by U.S. troops.

•       Mission expands to “search and destroy” patrols.

•       1965: 184,000 U.S. troops

•       1966: 385,000

•       1969: 542,000

Nixon in Vietnam

•       Vietnamization

•       Growing opposition at home.

•       Gradual drawdown

•       Expanded bombing

•       Last soldiers evacuated in 1973